Question 1

Q.1. [CO1] (K1) Define Democracy and Socialism.

Accepted Answer

Democracy is a system of government where power rests with the people, exercised directly or through elected representatives; socialism is an economic-political ideal emphasizing state/collective ownership of resources to reduce inequality.

Question 2

Q.2. [CO1] (K1) State the meaning of Constitution.

Accepted Answer

A Constitution is the supreme, fundamental law of a nation that establishes the structure, powers and functions of government organs and defines the rights and duties of citizens.

Question 3

Q.3. [CO1] (K1) What do you understand by Welfare State?

Accepted Answer

A Welfare State is one where the government takes primary responsibility for the economic and social well-being of its citizens through healthcare, education, social security and equitable distribution of resources.

Question 4

Q.4. [CO2] (K2) What are the features of I.T. Act 2005?

Accepted Answer

The Information Technology Act, 2000 (amended 2008) provides legal recognition to electronic records and digital signatures, defines cyber crimes and penalties, and establishes regulatory bodies for cyber security and electronic governance.

Question 5

Q.5. [CO1] (K1) What does Article-21 state?

Accepted Answer

Article 21 guarantees the Right to Life and Personal Liberty, stating that no person shall be deprived of their life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.

Question 6

Q.6. [CO2] (K2) What is RTI and how does it work?

Accepted Answer

RTI (Right to Information) is a citizen's statutory right under the RTI Act 2005 to request and receive information from public authorities, promoting transparency and accountability in government functioning.

Question 7

Q.7. [CO2] (K2) What is the importance of E-Governance?

Accepted Answer

E-Governance improves the efficiency, transparency and accessibility of government services by using information and communication technology to deliver services, disseminate information, and enable citizen participation.

Question 8

Q.8. [CO2] (K2) What is the primary function of Union Legislature?

Accepted Answer

The primary function of the Union Legislature (Parliament) is to make laws for the country, control the executive, approve the budget, and represent the will of the people.

Question 9

Q.9. [CO1] (K1) What does Sovereignty mean for a country?

Accepted Answer

Sovereignty means a country is supreme and independent, free from external control, with full authority to govern itself and make decisions on internal and external matters.

Question 10

Q.10. [CO3] (K2) Distinguish between Cabinet and Council of Ministers.

Accepted Answer

The Cabinet is a smaller, core group of senior ministers who make key policy decisions, while the Council of Ministers is the larger body of all ministers (Cabinet, Ministers of State, Deputy Ministers) collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.

Question 11

Q.1. [CO1] (K1) What do you understand by Political Institutions in the Gover…

Accepted Answer

Political institutions are the formal organs of government — legislature, executive, and judiciary — along with bodies like political parties and the election commission, that together create, implement, interpret and enforce laws and policies.

Question 12

Q.2. [CO2] (K2) Write short notes on "Fundamental Duties".

Accepted Answer

Fundamental Duties, added by the 42nd Amendment (1976) as Article 51A, are moral obligations of every citizen — such as respecting the Constitution, protecting sovereignty, promoting harmony, and safeguarding public property — that complement Fundamental Rights.

Question 13

Q.3. [CO2] (K2) What is the role of Judiciary in the government?

Accepted Answer

The Judiciary interprets laws and the Constitution, resolves disputes, protects fundamental rights through judicial review, and acts as a check on the legislature and executive to maintain the rule of law and constitutional supremacy.

Question 14

Q.4. [CO3] (K2) Which form of government is considered the best?

Accepted Answer

No single form of government is universally 'best'; democracy is widely regarded as the most suitable form for protecting individual liberty and accountability, though its effectiveness depends on factors like political maturity, institutional strength, and socio-economic context.

Question 15

Q.5. [CO4] (K2) Examine the powers and functions of the Prime Minister of India.

Accepted Answer

The Prime Minister, as head of government, leads the Council of Ministers, coordinates policy, allocates portfolios, advises the President on key appointments, represents India internationally, and is the chief link between the President and the Cabinet.

Question 16

Q.6. [CO3] (K2) Compare the powers of central and state legislature. Explain.

Accepted Answer

Central legislature (Parliament) has exclusive power over Union List subjects and residuary powers, State legislatures control State List subjects, and both share Concurrent List subjects with Union law prevailing in case of conflict, reflecting India's quasi-federal structure with a strong center.

Question 17

Q.7. [CO2] (K1) What is the importance of Indian Federal System? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The Indian Federal System divides powers between the Union and States, accommodating India's vast diversity while maintaining national unity; it is important for balanced regional governance, decentralized decision-making, and preserving both local autonomy and national integrity.

Question 18

Q.8. [CO4] (K2) Examine the Amendment process of the Indian Constitution.

Accepted Answer

Constitutional amendments under Article 368 follow three procedures depending on the provision: simple parliamentary majority, special majority (two-thirds of members present and voting, and majority of total membership), or special majority plus ratification by at least half the state legislatures for federal provisions.

Question 19

Q.1. [CO2] (K2) Explain the powers of the President of India.

Accepted Answer

The President of India, as constitutional/nominal head of state under Article 53, holds executive, legislative, judicial, financial, military and emergency powers, most of which are exercised on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister.

Question 20

Q.2. [CO2] (K2) Discuss the collective responsibility of the Governor in India.

Accepted Answer

The Governor, as the constitutional head of a state, generally acts on the aid and advice of the state Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister, who are collectively responsible to the state Legislative Assembly for all executive decisions taken in the Governor's name.

Question 21

Q.3. [CO4] (K2) "Directive principles of state policy constitute a comprehens…

Accepted Answer

The Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV, Articles 36-51) lay down socio-economic goals — social justice, economic equality, welfare, environmental protection, and international peace — that guide the state in policy-making, though they are non-justiciable.

Question 22

Q.4. [CO2] (K1) What are the basic features of the Indian constitution? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The basic features of the Indian Constitution include its lengthy written form, blend of rigidity and flexibility, parliamentary system, federal structure with unitary bias, fundamental rights and duties, directive principles, independent judiciary with judicial review, and secularism.

Question 23

Q.5. [CO3] (K2) Give a comparative study of Parliamentary and Presidential fo…

Accepted Answer

The Parliamentary system fuses executive and legislature with collective responsibility to the legislature (as in India/UK), while the Presidential system separates executive and legislature into independently elected, fixed-term branches with checks and balances (as in the USA); each offers distinct trade-offs in accountability, stability and efficiency.

Question 24

Q.6. [CO2] (K2) How many Fundamental rights are there in the Indian constitut…

Accepted Answer

The Indian Constitution originally guaranteed seven Fundamental Rights; following the repeal of the Right to Property by the 44th Amendment (1978), six Fundamental Rights remain: Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, and Right to Constitutional Remedies.

Question 25

Q.7. [CO4] (K2) Examine the main objectives of the "Preamble" of the Indian c…

Accepted Answer

The Preamble declares India a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic, and sets out its core objectives — securing Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity for all citizens — serving as the guiding philosophy and interpretive key to the entire Constitution.