Question 1

[CO1] Define Social Group.

Accepted Answer

A social group is a collection of two or more people who interact with each other, share common interests or goals, and have a sense of unity or belonging.

Question 2

[CO1] Mention any two sectors of Indian Economy.

Accepted Answer

The two main sectors of the Indian economy are the Organised Sector (formal sector) and the Unorganised Sector (informal sector).

Question 3

[CO1] State the meaning of Privatisation.

Accepted Answer

Privatisation means the transfer of ownership, management, and control of public sector enterprises to private individuals or organisations.

Question 4

[CO2] What is the role of transport in development ?

Accepted Answer

Transport plays a vital role in development by connecting producers to markets, enabling mobility of labour, and supporting trade and economic integration.

Question 5

[CO2] What do you mean by rural development ?

Accepted Answer

Rural development refers to the process of improving the quality of life and economic well-being of people living in rural areas, including agriculture, infrastructure, education, and employment.

Question 6

[CO3] What do the natural resources mean ?

Accepted Answer

Natural resources are materials and substances found in nature that can be used for economic gain, including land, water, forests, minerals, and sunlight.

Question 7

[CO4] What type of class-system do we find in India ?

Accepted Answer

India has a complex, hierarchical class system rooted in the caste system, but increasingly shaped by economic class divisions based on income and occupation.

Question 8

[CO4] What is the role of E-governance ?

Accepted Answer

E-governance involves the use of information and communication technology (ICT) by government to deliver services efficiently, improve transparency, and enhance citizen participation.

Question 9

[CO5] How is GDP different from GNP ?

Accepted Answer

GDP measures the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders, while GNP measures the total value produced by a country's residents regardless of location.

Question 10

[CO5] How is the economic growth different from economic development ?

Accepted Answer

Economic growth refers to a quantitative increase in GDP, while economic development is a broader concept that includes improvements in living standards, equality, and quality of life.

Question 11

[CO1] Write a short note on democracy.

Accepted Answer

Democracy is a system of government in which power is vested in the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives, based on principles of equality, liberty, and rule of law.

Question 12

[CO2] Discuss the non-economic factors in brief.

Accepted Answer

Non-economic factors of development include social, political, cultural, institutional, and psychological elements that influence a country's development beyond mere economic growth.

Question 13

[CO2] What is the importance of infrastructure in Indian Economy ?

Accepted Answer

Infrastructure is the foundation of economic development; it includes transport, energy, communication, and social services that enable productive activities across all sectors.

Question 14

[CO5] How is the union government different from the state government ? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The Union Government has authority over the entire country on subjects listed in the Union List, while State Governments govern their respective states on subjects in the State List, with concurrent powers shared on the Concurrent List.

Question 15

[CO3] Discuss the objectives of NITI AAYOG.

Accepted Answer

NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) was established in 2015 to replace the Planning Commission and serves as a think-tank for policy formulation, cooperative federalism, and long-term development strategy.

Question 16

[CO4] Explain the concept of social control.

Accepted Answer

Social control refers to the mechanisms, strategies, and institutions by which society regulates individual behaviour to maintain social order and conformity to norms.

Question 17

[CO4] How does poverty affect the society ?

Accepted Answer

Poverty negatively affects society by perpetuating inequality, limiting access to education and healthcare, increasing crime, and weakening social cohesion and economic productivity.

Question 18

[CO4] How can cyber crime be controlled ?

Accepted Answer

Cyber crime can be controlled through strong legislation, cybersecurity awareness, use of technical safeguards, international cooperation, and strict enforcement by law agencies.

Question 19

[CO2] Explain the concept of human development.

Accepted Answer

Human development is a process of enlarging people's choices — to lead long, healthy, and creative lives — measured by the Human Development Index (HDI) covering health, education, and standard of living.

Question 20

[CO2] Explain the role of the state in development.

Accepted Answer

The state plays a central role in development by providing public goods, regulating markets, redistributing income, building infrastructure, and protecting citizens' rights and welfare.

Question 21

[CO5] Compare the primary group with secondary group.

Accepted Answer

Primary groups are small, intimate, and face-to-face groups like family, while secondary groups are large, impersonal, and goal-oriented groups like a corporation or political party.

Question 22

[CO4] Analyse the contemporary social problems in India.

Accepted Answer

Contemporary social problems in India include poverty, unemployment, communalism, casteism, gender inequality, corruption, environmental degradation, and cyber crime.

Question 23

[CO5] Differentiate between direct and indirect tax.

Accepted Answer

Direct taxes are levied directly on the income or wealth of individuals and entities (e.g., income tax, corporate tax), while indirect taxes are levied on goods and services and collected by intermediaries (e.g., GST, customs duty).

Question 24

[CO4] Critically examine the Indian federalism.

Accepted Answer

Indian federalism is a unique, quasi-federal system with a strong unitary bias, characterised by a constitutional division of powers between the Union and States, with provisions for central dominance during emergencies.

Question 25

[CO3] Discuss the challenges of Indian Economy.

Accepted Answer

The Indian economy faces structural challenges including widespread poverty and inequality, unemployment, agricultural distress, infrastructure deficit, fiscal imbalances, inflation, and the need to balance growth with environmental sustainability.

General Studies