Question 1

Define Cloud Computing according to NIST.

Accepted Answer

According to NIST, Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources.

Question 2

What is a Hypervisor? Name its types.

Accepted Answer

A Hypervisor (Virtual Machine Monitor) is software that creates and runs virtual machines.

Question 3

Differentiate between Public and Private Cloud.

Accepted Answer

A Public Cloud is open to the general public over the internet, while a Private Cloud is operated solely for a single organization.

Question 4

Define Software as a Service (SaaS).

Accepted Answer

Software as a Service (SaaS) is a cloud model where software applications are hosted by a provider and made available to customers over a network.

Question 5

What is live migration in virtualization?

Accepted Answer

Live migration refers to the process of moving a running virtual machine or application between different physical machines without disconnecting the client or application.

Question 6

Give two advantages of MapReduce.

Accepted Answer

MapReduce allows parallel processing of massive data sets and ensures high fault tolerance.

Question 7

What is multi-tenancy in cloud computing?

Accepted Answer

Multi-tenancy is an architecture where a single instance of a software application serves multiple customers (tenants).

Question 8

Define Utility Computing.

Accepted Answer

Utility computing is a service provisioning model where a service provider makes computing resources available to a customer as needed, and charges them based on specific usage.

Question 9

Name the main components of Hadoop.

Accepted Answer

The main components of Hadoop are the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) for storage and MapReduce for processing.

Question 10

What is an SLA (Service Level Agreement)?

Accepted Answer

A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a contract between a service provider and a consumer that defines the expected level of service.

Question 11

Explain the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model with examples.

Accepted Answer

IaaS provides fundamental computing resources such as processing, storage, and networks over the internet.

Question 12

Discuss the difference between full virtualization and para-virtualization.

Accepted Answer

Full virtualization simulates the underlying hardware allowing unmodified OS to run, whereas para-virtualization requires OS modification for better performance.

Question 13

Explain the architecture of HDFS.

Accepted Answer

HDFS follows a master-slave architecture with a single NameNode and multiple DataNodes.

Question 14

Discuss the major security challenges in cloud computing.

Accepted Answer

Security challenges include data breaches, lack of control, insecure APIs, and compliance issues.

Question 15

Explain the concept of Resource Provisioning in the cloud.

Accepted Answer

Resource provisioning is the process of allocating computing resources (CPU, memory, storage) to cloud applications as needed.

Question 16

What are Web Services? Differentiate between SOAP and REST.

Accepted Answer

Web services are standardized ways of integrating web-based applications. SOAP is protocol-based, while REST is an architectural style.

Question 17

Explain the benefits and drawbacks of Hybrid Cloud.

Accepted Answer

Hybrid cloud offers the security of a private cloud with the scalability of a public cloud, but is complex to manage.

Question 18

Describe the NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture in detail with its v…

Accepted Answer

The NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture defines five major actors: Cloud Consumer, Cloud Provider, Cloud Auditor, Cloud Broker, and Cloud Carrier.

Question 19

Explain Virtualization in Cloud Computing. Discuss the differences between Ty…

Accepted Answer

Virtualization enables running multiple virtual systems on a single physical machine. Hypervisors are categorized into Type 1 (Bare-Metal) and Type 2 (Hosted).

Question 20

What is MapReduce? Explain the MapReduce programming model with the help of a…

Accepted Answer

MapReduce is a programming model for processing large datasets in parallel across a distributed cluster, consisting of 'Map' and 'Reduce' phases.

Question 21

Discuss Cloud Data Storage. Explain the Google File System (GFS) architecture…

Accepted Answer

Google File System (GFS) is a scalable distributed file system designed to handle large-scale data processing workloads on commodity hardware.

Question 22

Elaborate on Identity and Access Management (IAM) in Cloud Security. How is d…

Accepted Answer

IAM frameworks in cloud computing manage digital identities and user access. Multi-tenancy security relies on logical isolation, encryption, and strict access controls.