Question 1

Define Scan Conversion.

Accepted Answer

Scan conversion is the process of converting geometric primitives (lines, circles, polygons) defined in world coordinates into discrete pixel representations on a raster display.

Question 2

What is a Frame Buffer?

Accepted Answer

A Frame Buffer is a dedicated memory area that stores the color/intensity values of all pixels on the display screen.

Question 3

Define Viewport.

Accepted Answer

A Viewport is the rectangular area on the screen (device coordinates) where the window contents are displayed after the viewing transformation.

Question 4

What is Polygon Filling?

Accepted Answer

Polygon filling is the process of coloring all pixels inside a closed polygon boundary on a raster display.

Question 5

Define Shading.

Accepted Answer

Shading is the process of determining the color and intensity of surface pixels by simulating light-surface interaction in 3D graphics rendering.

Question 6

What is Texture Mapping?

Accepted Answer

Texture Mapping is the technique of applying a 2D image (texture) onto the surface of a 3D object to add surface detail and realism.

Question 7

Define Animation.

Accepted Answer

Animation is the technique of creating the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of images (frames) in rapid succession.

Question 8

What is Virtual Reality?

Accepted Answer

Virtual Reality (VR) is an immersive, computer-generated environment that simulates a three-dimensional world for interactive user experience.

Question 9

Define JPEG compression.

Accepted Answer

JPEG compression is a lossy image compression standard that uses DCT and quantization to reduce image file size significantly.

Question 10

What is Color Model?

Accepted Answer

A Color Model is a mathematical framework for representing and specifying colors using a standardized set of components (e.g., RGB, CMYK, HSV).

Question 11

Explain the Mid-Point Circle Drawing Algorithm.

Accepted Answer

The Mid-Point Circle Drawing Algorithm uses a decision parameter to select the closest pixel to the true circle path, using 8-fold symmetry.

Question 12

Describe the Sutherland-Hodgman Polygon Clipping Algorithm.

Accepted Answer

Sutherland-Hodgman algorithm clips a polygon against each edge of a rectangular clipping window sequentially, producing a clipped polygon.

Question 13

Explain the concept of 3D viewing pipeline.

Accepted Answer

The 3D viewing pipeline transforms world-space objects through a sequence of stages — model transform, view transform, projection, clipping, and viewport mapping — to produce a 2D screen image.

Question 14

Discuss Gouraud and Phong Shading models.

Accepted Answer

Gouraud shading interpolates vertex colors across polygons; Phong shading interpolates normals and computes per-pixel illumination for superior specular highlights.

Question 15

Explain the concept of Hidden Surface Removal.

Accepted Answer

Hidden Surface Removal (HSR) determines which surfaces of a 3D scene are occluded from the viewpoint and should not be rendered.

Question 16

Describe the different types of animation techniques.

Accepted Answer

Animation techniques include traditional frame-by-frame, keyframe, procedural, physics-based, and motion capture methods.

Question 17

Explain the RGB and CMY color models.

Accepted Answer

RGB is an additive color model for displays; CMY is a subtractive color model for printing, each mixing primary colors to create all other colors.

Question 18

(a) Explain 3D Transformations in detail (Translation, Rotation about X, Y, Z…

Accepted Answer

3D Transformations use 4×4 homogeneous matrices for Translation, Rotation, and Scaling; Projection transforms 3D scenes to 2D using parallel or perspective methods.

Question 19

(a) Explain the 3D Clipping algorithms.

Accepted Answer

3D Clipping removes geometry outside the view frustum; Back-Face Detection and Z-Buffer algorithm handle visible surface detection in 3D.

Question 20

(a) Explain the illumination and shading models in detail.

Accepted Answer

Illumination models compute light-surface interaction; Phong model combines ambient, diffuse, and specular components for realistic shading.

Question 21

(a) Explain the concept of Spline representation.

Accepted Answer

Splines are piecewise polynomial curves for smooth interpolation; Hermite, Bezier, and B-Spline curves differ in control, continuity, and mathematical formulation.

Question 22

(a) Explain the different multimedia compression standards (JPEG, MPEG).

Accepted Answer

JPEG and MPEG are fundamental multimedia compression standards; Virtual Reality (VR) creates immersive digital environments with applications across many fields.

Computer Graphics and Multimedia