Question 1

What are the primary applications of mobile computing?

Accepted Answer

Mobile computing enables catastrophic real-time data access on the move. Primary applications include GPS fleet tracking, mobile banking, emergency disaster response (MANETs), and ubiquitous enterprise cloud access.

Question 2

Define co-channel interference.

Accepted Answer

Co-channel interference is the catastrophic electromagnetic collision that occurs when two mathematically distinct radio cells utilize the exact same carrier frequency simultaneously, violently corrupting both data streams.

Question 3

What is the role of an HLR and VLR in GSM?

Accepted Answer

The HLR is the permanent central database holding the subscriber's absolute master profile. The VLR is a temporary, volatile local database that mathematically tracks roaming users in a specific geographic zone.

Question 4

What is the difference between soft and hard handoff?

Accepted Answer

Hard Handoff ("Break before Make") physically severs the old connection before establishing the new one, causing a micro-drop. Soft Handoff ("Make before Break") mathematically maintains two simultaneous connections during the transition.

Question 5

Define tunneling and encapsulation in Mobile IP.

Accepted Answer

Encapsulation is the mathematical wrapping of an original IP packet inside a brand new IP header. Tunneling is the physical act of blasting this encapsulated packet across the network to a hidden endpoint.

Question 6

What is DHCP? Why is it needed in mobile networks?

Accepted Answer

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically and mathematically leases temporary IP addresses to devices. It is absolutely mandatory in mobile networks because physical movement constantly changes logical subnets.

Question 7

Define AODV routing protocol.

Accepted Answer

AODV (Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) is a reactive routing protocol. It strictly mathematically calculates a route ONLY when a node explicitly demands to send data, completely eliminating idle routing table broadcasts.

Question 8

What are the advantages of WML over HTML?

Accepted Answer

WML (Wireless Markup Language) is mathematically engineered strictly for ultra-low bandwidth, high-latency 2G networks and microscopic monochrome screens, completely abandoning the massive graphical overhead of HTML.

Question 9

What is fast retransmit/fast recovery in TCP?

Accepted Answer

Fast Retransmit completely bypasses the catastrophic TCP timeout timer. If the sender receives three identical duplicate ACKs, it mathematically proves a packet was lost and instantly retransmits it.

Question 10

List the main components of WAP architecture.

Accepted Answer

The absolute core components of WAP are the WAP Client (mobile device), the WAP Gateway (the mathematical protocol translator), and the Origin Web Server (hosting the WML content).

Question 11

Discuss the logical channels used in GSM.

Accepted Answer

A rigorous mathematical breakdown of GSM Logical Channels. Violently divides the spectrum into Traffic Channels (TCH) for human voice and Control Channels (BCH, CCCH, DCCH) for absolute network signaling and synchronization.

Question 12

Explain the hidden terminal and exposed terminal problems and their solutions…

Accepted Answer

A critical analysis of the Hidden and Exposed Terminal problems in wireless MAC. Explains how CSMA/CD mathematically fails in RF, and how MACA utilizes violent RTS/CTS handshakes to prevent catastrophic packet collisions.

Question 13

Describe Mobile TCP (M-TCP) and its advantages over traditional TCP.

Accepted Answer

A definitive explanation of Mobile TCP (M-TCP). Details how it violently splits the connection at the Supervisory Host (SH) to mathematically shield the sender from temporary wireless disconnections without triggering catastrophic congestion control.

Question 14

Explain the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol.

Accepted Answer

An exhaustive mathematical breakdown of AODV Routing. Explains the reactive Route Request (RREQ) flood, the precise Destination Sequence Numbers to prevent routing loops, and the violent Route Error (RERR) propagation upon link failure.

Question 15

How does packet delivery happen to and from a mobile node in Mobile IP?

Accepted Answer

A critical review of Mobile IP packet delivery. Details the rigid mathematical triangle routing: how the Home Agent intercepts and encapsulates packets for tunneling, and how the Mobile Node bypasses the HA for direct reverse routing.

Question 16

Discuss Bluetooth architecture, including Piconet and Scatternet.

Accepted Answer

An architectural exposition of Bluetooth. Violently defines the strict Master-Slave physics of a Piconet, the TDD polling algorithm, and how overlapping Piconets mathematically merge into a massive chaotic Scatternet.

Question 17

What is WAP? Explain the WAP protocol stack in brief.

Accepted Answer

A critical mathematical breakdown of the WAP Architecture. Details how the protocol stack violently compresses and optimizes internet data (HTTP/TCP) into lightweight binary protocols (WSP/WTP) to prevent catastrophic battery drain on 2G devices.

Question 18

Discuss the various routing protocols used in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs)…

Accepted Answer

A massive architectural exposition on MANET Routing Protocols. Violently dissects the mathematical algorithms and catastrophic scaling limits of Proactive DSDV against Reactive AODV and Source-Routed DSR.

Question 19

Explain GSM system architecture in detail. Also, discuss security services pr…

Accepted Answer

A massive breakdown of GSM System Architecture and Cryptographic Security. Details the rigid physical hierarchy of the BSS, NSS, and OSS, and violently exposes the exact mathematical execution of A3 Authentication and A5 Air-Interface Encryption.

Question 20

Describe the classical TCP improvements for mobility: I-TCP, Snooping TCP, an…

Accepted Answer

An exhaustive theoretical critique of Classical TCP Improvements for Mobility. Violently contrasts the catastrophic architecture of I-TCP (splitting connections) against the elite, transparent Snooping TCP algorithm, detailing their exact mathematical manipulations of congestion windows.

Question 21

Explain the MAC layer of IEEE 802.11. How does it handle collision avoidance?

Accepted Answer

A massive architectural breakdown of the IEEE 802.11 MAC Layer. Violently details the mathematical execution of DCF (CSMA/CA) and PCF, exposing how strict Inter-Frame Spaces (DIFS, SIFS) and the Exponential Backoff algorithm prevent catastrophic radio collisions.

Question 22

Write a comprehensive note on Mobile IP, detailing the process of registratio…

Accepted Answer

A definitive theoretical dissection of Mobile IP. Details the catastrophic failure of standard IP routing for mobility, and explains how the architectural pipeline of Agent Discovery, Registration, and IP-in-IP Encapsulation Tunneling mathematically shields the IP address from physical movement.

Mobile Computing