Q17Principles of Artificial Intelligence
Question
Discuss the components of a Natural Language Processing system.
Answer
An NLP system processes language through multiple stages: Lexical, Syntactic, Semantic, Discourse, and Pragmatic analysis.
A complete Natural Language Processing (NLP) system generally consists of five core components or phases:
- Lexical Analysis: Divides the text into paragraphs, sentences, and words. It involves identifying and analyzing the structure of words.
- Syntactic Analysis (Parsing): Analyzes the sentences to check for grammar and proper word arrangements, creating a parse tree.
- Semantic Analysis: Extracts the exact dictionary meaning from the text, checking for meaningfulness (e.g., rejecting "hot ice").
- Discourse Integration: Determines the meaning of sentences based on preceding sentences and context.
- Pragmatic Analysis: Applies real-world knowledge to reinterpret the sentence and understand the speaker's actual intended effect or meaning.