Q15Principles of Artificial Intelligence
Question
Differentiate between Propositional Logic and First Order Logic.
Answer
Propositional logic uses simple factual statements, while First Order logic uses objects, predicates, and quantifiers for richer representation.
Propositional Logic deals with simple declarative propositions that evaluate to either true or false. It uses symbols like P, Q, and logical connectives (AND, OR, NOT). However, it lacks the expressive power to describe properties of objects or relationships between them.
First Order Logic (FOL), or Predicate Logic, is an extension that includes objects, predicates, functions, and quantifiers (Universal ∀ and Existential ∃). While propositional logic can only say "Socrates is a man" as a single indivisible fact (P), FOL can represent it as Man(Socrates), allowing reasoning like "All men are mortal" (∀x Man(x) → Mortal(x)) to deduce Mortal(Socrates).