Q22Digital Image Processing
Question
What is image segmentation? Discuss edge-based and region-based segmentation techniques in detail.
Answer
Image segmentation techniques.
Image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple segments (sets of pixels) to simplify its representation. Segmentation algorithms generally are based on one of two basic properties of intensity values: discontinuity and similarity.
Edge-based segmentation detects abrupt changes in intensity (edges) using operators like Sobel or Canny. Once edges are identified, edge linking techniques assemble them into meaningful boundaries. Region-based segmentation, on the other hand, partitions the image into regions that are similar according to a set of predefined criteria (e.g., color, intensity). Techniques include region growing, region splitting, and region merging.