RTUComputer ScienceYr 2023 · Sem 52023

Q1Cyber Security Management

Question

4 marks

Explain the different types of cyber attacks (DoS, MitM, Phishing, SQL Injection).

Answer

A comprehensive technical breakdown of four devastating cyber-attacks: Denial of Service (DoS) targeting availability, Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) targeting confidentiality, Phishing targeting human psychology, and SQL Injection targeting database integrity.

Modern cyber warfare utilizes highly sophisticated, mathematically engineered attack vectors to completely bypass enterprise security architectures. These attacks systematically target the core pillars of Information Security: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (the CIA Triad).

1. Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed DoS (DDoS)

A DoS attack is a brute-force assault strictly designed to catastrophically destroy the Availability of a target server or network. The attacker mathematically floods the target's bandwidth or consumes its finite CPU/RAM resources by sending an overwhelming barrage of fraudulent requests (e.g., SYN Floods, UDP Floods). In a DDoS attack, the hacker violently commands a massive global botnet of infected "zombie" computers to simultaneously blast the target, making mitigation mathematically impossible without massive backbone filtering.

2. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM)

A MitM attack aggressively compromises the Confidentiality and Integrity of a network connection. The attacker mathematically intercepts the physical communication channel between two trusting nodes (like a user and a bank server). By spoofing ARP tables on a local network or hijacking DNS, the attacker forces all traffic to route through their machine. They can then silently read, record, or maliciously alter the data packets in real-time before forwarding them, completely unbeknownst to the victims.

3. Phishing

Unlike DoS or MitM which attack the mathematical network architecture, Phishing violently attacks the weakest link in any security system: the human brain. Attackers utilize aggressive Social Engineering. They forge hyper-realistic emails claiming to be a legitimate authority (like IT support or the IRS), psychologically manipulating the victim into clicking a malicious link and voluntarily typing their secure passwords into a perfectly cloned, fake login portal.

4. SQL Injection (SQLi)

SQLi is a catastrophic attack targeting the absolute Integrity of a backend database. If a web application fails to strictly sanitize user input, an attacker can violently inject raw, malicious SQL commands directly into the login fields or URL parameters. Instead of searching for a username, the database mathematically executes the injected command (e.g., ' OR 1=1; DROP TABLE users; --), allowing the attacker to completely bypass authentication, download the entire database, or delete all corporate data instantly.

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